Design to the peak, not the mean
Conveying, accumulation and pick equipment are sized against sustained peak-hour throughput, with the manual fallback defined.

A2 / Application
High order counts, small units, sharp seasonal peaks
Piece and case picking dominate, and peak throughput can be several times the annual average. Equipment specified to the average fails in the peak week.
Selection factors
Conveying, accumulation and pick equipment are sized against sustained peak-hour throughput, with the manual fallback defined.
Storage medium, presentation height and replenishment path are settled before any conveying or picking equipment is proposed.
Benches, weighing, staging and dock capacity are considered together, since despatch congestion is a common symptom of a pick-side change.
Layouts that will be reconfigured need modular storage and conveying decisions, which is a specification choice made up front.
Equipment routes